A Study of Radium Concentration and Radon Exhalation Rate in Soil Samples from Kassala Town, Sudan Using SSNTDs
Abd-Elmoniem A. Elzain,
Y. Sh. Mohammed,
Khidir Shaib Mohamed,
A. M. Mohamed-Ali
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
84-89
Received:
1 March 2016
Accepted:
2 March 2016
Published:
20 June 2016
Abstract: In this work, we are presenting the results of radium concentration, surface and mass radon exhalation rates for a number of 209 soil samples collected from different locations of Kassala town, Sudan, by using the can technique, containing CR-39. The values of radium concentrations from soil samples were found to be ranging from 3.9 to 34.2 Bq.kg-1, with an average of 16.3 ± 1.6 Bq.kg-1. The surface and mass exhalation rates of radon were found to be from 0.84 to 7.35 Bq.m-2.h-1 and 17 to 148 mBq.kg-1.h-1, with an averages of 3.50 ± 0.35 Bq.m-2.h-1 and 70 ± 7 mBq.kg-1.h-1, respectively for the studied soil samples. From the results of this study we found that, there was a good correlation between radium concentration and radon exhalation rates in soil samples. The values of radium concentration determined in soil samples are less than the permissible value of 370 Bq.kg-1 recommended by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Developments, which is acceptable for safe use. Thus, results reveal that the area is safe as far the health hazard effects are concerned. Finally we compare our results with similar findings in different regions of Sudan and among other Countries.
Abstract: In this work, we are presenting the results of radium concentration, surface and mass radon exhalation rates for a number of 209 soil samples collected from different locations of Kassala town, Sudan, by using the can technique, containing CR-39. The values of radium concentrations from soil samples were found to be ranging from 3.9 to 34.2 Bq.kg-1...
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On the Uncertainty Principle
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
90-123
Received:
12 May 2016
Accepted:
23 May 2016
Published:
20 June 2016
Abstract: Analysis of the laws which form, direct universe and of the interacting elements in the interactions emerging by these laws. Forming the theoretical, philosophical infrastructure of the some physical concepts and phenomena such as kinetic energy, uncertainty [1], length contraction [2], relative energy transformations, gravity, time and light speed to understand universe better manner as well as possible. Almost any physical subject takes us easily to the same point by visiting the other subjects because of the creation type of matter as there is no alternative. Every mathematical equation is a production of a thinking; so it does not have to be right always as it may has different meanings for different minds and because of wrong thinking, assembly elements even if it may has a certain information sometimes or usually. If our portion is, our portion is as we took some pickaxes and shovels, starting for science mining as the below to understand universe better manner, if it is possible especially by strong evidences by thinking first as simple as possible. Only one pencil and one paper are enough. At this situation, the biggest problem is to be one of them exists and the other does not of them.
Abstract: Analysis of the laws which form, direct universe and of the interacting elements in the interactions emerging by these laws. Forming the theoretical, philosophical infrastructure of the some physical concepts and phenomena such as kinetic energy, uncertainty [1], length contraction [2], relative energy transformations, gravity, time and light speed...
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