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Study of Gamma-Ray Attenuation Coefficients of Some Glasses Containing CdO
G. S. M. Ahmed,
A. S. Mahmoud,
S. M. Salem,
T. Z. Abou-Elnasr
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
112-120
Received:
23 May 2015
Accepted:
1 June 2015
Published:
17 June 2015
Abstract: Iron–phosphate glasses containing heavy metal cations are important material, especially when used to attenuate γ-ray and / or fast neutrons. Therefore, some glasses had been prepared, having the composition [(70 mol % P2O5. 15 mol % Na2O. 15 mol % Fe2O3) + x CdO, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 30 mole]. The melting temperature was 1200 ºc and the annealing temperature was 300 ºc. The obtained solid glasses were then examined from γ-ray attenuation point of view, where both the linear and mass attenuation coefficients were studied for varying amounts of CdO and different γ-ray energies emitted from 60Co, 137Cs and 152Eu radio-active sources. It was found that as CdO was gradually increased, the linear and mass attenuation coefficients increased gradually, while the half value layer decreased. On the other hand both linear and mass attenuation coefficients decreased and the half value layer increased as the energy of the incident γ-ray increased. Finally it can be concluded that these composition glasses can be used as good γ-ray shield especially at low gamma-ray energies.
Abstract: Iron–phosphate glasses containing heavy metal cations are important material, especially when used to attenuate γ-ray and / or fast neutrons. Therefore, some glasses had been prepared, having the composition [(70 mol % P2O5. 15 mol % Na2O. 15 mol % Fe2O3) + x CdO, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 30 mole]. The melting temperature was 1200 ºc and the annealing tempera...
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On the Mathematical Calibration of the Active Well Neutron Coincidence Counter (AWCC)
Wael A. El-Gammal,
Ahmed G. Mostafa,
Mootaz Ebied
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
121-130
Received:
27 May 2015
Accepted:
1 June 2015
Published:
2 July 2015
Abstract: Generation of calibration curves for radiation detectors are essential in radiation spectroscopy. Such curves usually relate some characteristic quantities of measured samples (such as radioactivity of a certain isotope or its mass) with the output of the used detector (counting rates). The most direct and easiest way to generate these curves is performed using a set of suitable radioactive standard materials. Whenever standard materials are not available, mathematical calibration could be employed. In this work, a proposed model for mathematical calibration of a neutron coincidence counter (the Active Well Neutron Coincidence Counter, AWCC) was achieved using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Effects of the counter and experimental set up parameters on the simulation process were studied. The validity of the proposed model was checked using sets of nuclear material standards. The obtained modeling results are in agreement with experiments within an accuracy of better than 8.5%.
Abstract: Generation of calibration curves for radiation detectors are essential in radiation spectroscopy. Such curves usually relate some characteristic quantities of measured samples (such as radioactivity of a certain isotope or its mass) with the output of the used detector (counting rates). The most direct and easiest way to generate these curves is pe...
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Analysis of Molecular Dynamic Simulations Using Wavelet-Based Techniques
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
131-137
Received:
9 June 2015
Accepted:
26 June 2015
Published:
7 July 2015
Abstract: In this paper, I focus on describe, calculate and analyze of molecular dynamic (MD) simulations using wavelet transform (WT) techniques by analogy with its use in signal and image processing, so that I would like to talk about the theoretical background wavelet transform methods, including what properties they have, their common types, and how to operate them. Secondly, I would introduce the continuous wavelet transform, which is especially well-suited for time course data such as molecular dynamics simulations., the WT permits filtering out the high-frequency noise without completely omitting the high-frequency phenomena whose contribution is crucial in cases where the dynamics is localized in frequency and time. Medical applications could be studied in which biomedical related research requires lots of mathematical and engineering techniques to analyze data. The WT is observed to excel in reconstructing the original signal by a subset of the basis used in the analysis and in identifying the occurrence of rare phenomena by examining the wavelet energies at high-resolution levels.
Abstract: In this paper, I focus on describe, calculate and analyze of molecular dynamic (MD) simulations using wavelet transform (WT) techniques by analogy with its use in signal and image processing, so that I would like to talk about the theoretical background wavelet transform methods, including what properties they have, their common types, and how to o...
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Interpretation of the Fact That “Thoughts Become Things” Through the Consciousness Model
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
138-158
Received:
21 June 2015
Accepted:
29 June 2015
Published:
14 July 2015
Abstract: A single field emerged at the origin of the universe, already containing within itself the blueprint of the physical universe. The primordial single field triggered the onset of the universe. Most physicists believe that a single super-force dominated the first instants of creation. Scientists have arrived at a simple but decisive conclusion that consciousness is very much a part of the universe, like other objects. Our consciousness model involving thought-carrying particle (TCP), thought retaining particle (TRP) and thought force (TF) signifies the existence of universal consciousness that exists along with the universe. This universal consciousness is a functional state of the universal mind (UM). This UM is evolved at the Big Bang from void. The UM is constituted by these TCP and TRP in the inherent presence of thought force (TF). Thought force (TF) is an expression of universal consciousness. The Thought force (TF) being the primordial quantum field functions as the original super-force. TF being the original super-force functions as the origin of all the fundamental fields. TCP is the carrier of thought force (TF) that, in turn, appears to be the origin of all the fields. The quantized energy of TCP is responsible to cause the universal consciousness as well as the cosmic microwave background radiation temperature. The individual consciousness owes its origin to the universal consciousness created by the same . The same is the energy responsible for generating thought force (TF). TF being an expression of the universal consciousness is applicable to any inanimate object as well as to any biological system (having thinking ability). The TF exerts its functions both in vitro and in vivo. Any matter as well as any individual mind is constituted by these TCP and TRP in the inherent presence of thought force (TF) in vitro and thought force (TF) in vivo and these TCP and TRP are originated from the same Void. These TCP, TRP and the thought force (TF) in vitro and thought force (TF) in vivo play significant roles in understanding the fact that “Thoughts become Things” in the presence of consciousness through the constant projection of thought that, in turn, is the action of mind. The general saying that “Thoughts become Things” can be explained through the developed consciousness model.
Abstract: A single field emerged at the origin of the universe, already containing within itself the blueprint of the physical universe. The primordial single field triggered the onset of the universe. Most physicists believe that a single super-force dominated the first instants of creation. Scientists have arrived at a simple but decisive conclusion that c...
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